Prashant Edla

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF MINERALS The significance of mineral resources embraces several areas. They are an integral part of industrial development , economic progress and national  security . Mineral resources are related to significant economic activity  that converts natural mineral wealth into goods for industrial and domestic  consumption. Minerals  are important  to our health, we need small amounts of a wide variety  of minerals like calcium, phosphorus, sulphur, copper, floride, iron and zinc. coal, oil and natural  gas provide us with almost all of he energy we use to light, heat and run our world. Minerals are ingredients  in almost all  of the products we use from fertilizer, plastics, toothpaste, medicines. Minerals also play an important  role in the processing of materials. Bentonite is important  in well drilling and Barite is important  in oil drilling . Chert used to make stone tools and used as fill to provide stable base for roads. Coal used as a fuel (

MINE SURVEYING-2 UNIT 1- CONTROL SURVEYS- Trangulation-Classification, Reconnaissance, Measurement, Procedure for angles and base-line, Trilitertion, Introduction to GPS and its applications in mine surveying. Students can download this unit PDF file from here. UNIT 5- INTRODUCTION OF ERRORS AND ITS THEORIES- Identification of errors and its prevention and elimination, Method of least squares and its applications, Probable error, Most probable values, Weights, Weighted observations and their probable errors. GENERAL LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS- for mine plans in India, Preparation and preservation of plans and sections. Students can download this unit PDF file from here. Regularly learn this subject as it has great scope in mining engineering according to world economics.

SURFACE MINING UNIT 1- Role of surface mining in mineral production in India, Elements of surface mine planning-height, width, slope, Overall and ultimate pit slopes, Stripping Ratios and Cut off grade. OPENINGS UP OF DEPOSITS-Different system of openings of deposits, Site preparation, Box cut, Formation of benches, Haul roads. Students can download this unit PDF file from here. Along with 48.83% arable land India has significant sources of  c oal (fourth-largest reserves in the world), bauxite, tiranium ore,  c hromite, natural gas, petroleum and limestone.According to the 2008 Ministry of Mines estimates: 'India has stepped up its production to reach the second rank among the  c hromite producers of the world. Besides, India ranks 3rd in production of coal & Lignite, 4th in iron ore, 5th in bauxite, 7th in manganese ore and 8th in aluminium. Indian mines majorly accounts the future prospective of surface mining. With this vast knowledge of surface minin